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Industrial agglomeration is the result of the free moving and free configuring of procreative factors. It is an inevitable phenomenon that industries highly concentrated in a peculiar area beneath the conditions of market economy. Because agglomeration may promote economic development and heighten territorial competitiveness, finding out the evolution laws of agglomeration is helpful to construct suitable territorial schemes and industrial policies.Industrial agglomeration has been guided by government in the amount of time of planned economy, industrial stucture was inefficient. In the procedure from planned economy transferring to market economy, the fluidity of product constituents has been enforced, galore industries’ emplacement are guided by the economic rule rather of government planned policy, industrial layout has changed dramatically. New Economic Geography theory proposes that the industrial agglomeration and territorial integration take on a reversed “U” curve under the fundamental interaction among scale of economy and transportation costs, that is, inter-regional transport costs proceed to decline with the development of market economy, and the geographic layout of industries will be dispersed after gathering. Based on the theory this paper analyses the emplacement selection and geographical evolution of dissimilar industries.By calculating the EG index and CR3 of 18 industries in China through 15 years, this paper received a comparatively finish and elaborated evolution trend of the industrial agglomeration. The results showed that galore fabricating industries’EG indexes increased which was consistent with their CR3s, such as chemical fiber devising industry, electronics and telecommunications instrumentation devising industry, instrumentation and Cultural office machinery manufacturing, textiles, electrical machinery and instrumentation devising industry, feed processing and manufacturing, paper and paper merchandise industry, chemical fuel and chemical merchandise industry, which fundamentally belong to technology-intensive and labor-intensive industries. But there also same industries whose EG indexes stay unchanged, such as beverage manufacturing, oil processing and coking industry, pharmaceutical manufacturing, fictitious metal products, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, these industries are basically resource-intensive industries. Surprisingly, the machinery and instrumentation formulating and transportation instrumentation manufacturing industry which have apparent economies of scale were scarcely increased in EG indexes and CR3s, this may have something with places fixed rationality for the duration of the market-oriented reform routine in our country.Regarding to the areas where industries agglomerated, the eastern areas became the greatest area while other areas declined in concentration. Northeast of China experienced a greatest drop, the dominance of a great deal of industries in this area have been substituted by eastern areas. And central regions likewise had a slight decrease of industrial concentration. As regards to northwest and southwest of China, no matter past or present, their industrial agglomeration level was the lowest, and as time goes by, this level becomes further low. Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xingjiang etc. almost have no manufacturing industries. On the basis of the calculating of agglomeration rates of 18 industries, the paper analyzed the reasons why dissimilar industries performed dissimilar evolution trends. The main determinations including: Firstly, endowment vantages affect industrial emplacement by natural vantages and acquired vantages of a sure area. Secondly, in general speaking, the integration of domestic market is increasing, which scaled down inter-regional transportation costs and promoted the industrial agglomeration. Thirdly, the level of international market integration is higher than domestic market integration level. Many industries concentrated to Eastern China because of the strengthening of external demands, alien direct investments and good market accesses. |
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